DISSERTATION ABOUT THE
CAPABILITY BUILDING OF THE GOVERNMENT ENFORCING CLEANER PRODUCTION
IN A REGION
Li Qiang, Director,
The Benxi Agenda 21 Administrative Center
August 19, 2001
20th century is an age in which international industrial
revolution was keeping deeply underway and productivity was
creating swift and violently. It is the period in which global
environment was polluted seriously. Especially after going
into1980s while developing economy fast a series of natural
sources was destroyed, natural environment worsened, and climate
changed etc.. It has grievously threatened human’s survival and
development and made humanity review human being’s producing
activities. After the conference of international environment and
development in 1992 many countries begun to throw away the
producing patterns that consume natural sources highly, lose and
waste greatly, pollute environment seriously and make low economic
benefit, and use the way of Cleaner Production saving energy,
reducing consumption, decreasing pollution, and increasing benefit
step by step.
Benxi is a weight industrial city, taking iron and steel, coal,
building material and chemical industry as main industry. Benxi
has made important contribution for State’s developing economy.
Since long before the mode developing economy extensively in Benxi
has cause deformity of economical structure, backward in
industrial equipment, low economic benefit and serious
environmental pollution so that a sustainable city was met by a
critical challenges. From 1996 Benxi municipality and UNDP
cooperatively implemented a project: Improve Capability
Building of Government Controlling Polluting Air of Benxi,
Utilizing CP Extensively. The municipality carried out CP
experiments in enterprises so that it has made important fruit
being the focus of the State and world, and begun to go on the a
sound path coordinated growth of economy, society, souses and
environment.
Improvement from practice CP is a scientific systematic
engineering. Before no shaping a market mechanism carrying out CP
on a large scale and in all region should be built on the basis of
macro regulating and controlling by government, leading of policy
and systematic regulating to work. In success or failing carrying
out CP in a region the government plays a main part and raising
government’s capability building is a decisive factor.
A. Achievement Carrying out CP in Benxi
a. Launch Training and Propagating Deeply and Extensively
We have propagated the idea and thought of CP deeply and
extensively to managers at different levels who have been directed
against.
- Training for top decision-makers from municipality
- Training for managing departments of authority
- Training for legal persons, senior managers, engineering
technical persons from enterprises
- Training for auditors
- Propagating and educating to mass organization and the
public
b. More and More Enterprises Demand to Implement CP on
Its Own Initiative
Since 1996 there have been 41 companies in Benxi which have
implemented CP successively and cover 68% of the state’s large
and medium enterprises. 15 companies of them have passed through
audit and acceptance by the CP Centre of China(CPCC), and 4 from
15 companies have been elected demonstrative enterprises by CPCC.
The others have passed through acceptance by Benxi municipality.
Now there are 12 companies that began to implement CP from June of
this year. Benxi has planned that all enterprises which has
ability to do it should implement CP in coming three years.
c. Achieve Gratifying Environmental and Economic Benefit
50 projects of median and high fee were screened out in 41
companies’ CP implementing, 29 projects of which have been
implemented. 422 projects of low fee and no fee were screened out,
384 projects of which have been implemented. RMB 75.09 million
yuan of the total fund were input, 290 million yuan of economic
benefit has been achieved, and the rate of input and output is
1:3.9. We have obtained better environmental benefit on the basis
of gaining better economic benefit. With auditing discharging COD
decreases 5759 tons, the decreasing rate is 33.3%, discharging
waste water reduces 2175 tons, waste gas decreases 2800 million
standard m³, and solid waste reduces 26 thousand tons. The
reducing total quantity discharging pollution covers 10% of it
auditing companies’ discharge.
B. Macro Controlling and Regulating and Politics Leading Are
Internal Requirement Implementing CP
CP makes an enterprise realize both benefit of economy and
environment with the means of reduction, the least and
harmlessness of waste. CP has scientifically solved the polluting
problem from a fountainhead. It requires saving energy, reducing
consumption, decreasing pollution and increasing benefit to
realize regulating developing economy, society and environment.
a. The Play of Authorities Implementing CP
CP is a kind of scientific and comprehensive systematic
engineering and needs macro controlling and policy leading of
authorities’ behaviors.
The macro controlling: It means to make relative departments of
authorities raise level understanding and mastering the idea of
CP, and one of municipal sections is charge of regulating every
relative department to support and join in the enterprises’ CP
on the basis of cooperation and dividing the work of a managing
department of the various walks of life to offer a comprehensive
target and indexes for regulation and development of economy,
society, sources and environment.
Policy leading: It means to research and use for reference of
connected policy, laws, and regulations at home and abroad to draw
out ones according with practice of its region to implement
management and encourage companies to implement CP by operation of
law.
b. Capability Building of Government is Internal
Requirement Implementing Clean Production
CP needs to utilize comprehensively the measures of economy,
administration and law to push forward in enterprises, so it
claims authorities to have decision-making and managing persons
with corresponding quality, managing supporting administrative
setup and system, form a technological managing system and make
them have a multiple ability implementing CP and regulating play,
therefore strengthening authorities’ capability building is
internal requirement implementing CP.
c. Significance and Onerousness of Authorities’
Capability Building
As local authorities, capability building implementing CP
involves decision-making, management, information and statistics
etc.. The basic target of capability building is to enhance level
of policy, select developing patterns, and capability estimating
and pushing forward implementing CP. The authorities strengthen
ability building of composite decision-making, overall planning,
policy leading, law guarantee, examine and supervision, and giving
scope to play of managing sections at every levels, so that it may
form the whole join forces in all society. Ii is thus clear that
the work improving authorities’ capability building is extremely
important and onerous and has a bearing on success or failing
implementing CP.
In a nutshell authorities’ capability building is a
significant link implementing CP.
C. Main Tasks of Authorities’ Capability Building
a. Change the Sense and Raise Cognition
The decision-makers and managing sections of authorities should
change a traditional pattern increasing economy and controlling
pollution, make carrying out CP as significant content
establishing a synthetic decision-making mechanism of environment
and development, and implement sustainable regulating developing
strategy of economy, society, source and environment.
For this purpose, we organized centrally training for the
decision-makers and managing sections. We invited famous senior
experts and scholars at home and abroad to have special addresses,
international and domestic seminars, and organized authorities’
officers to visit and study to America, Canada, European countries
and domestic cities concerned. Senior officers of municipality
have been many times invited to attend international conferences
about sustainable development and CP. The authorities’
decision-makers and leaders of managing sections enlarge their
view, heighten understanding and change thinking way and idea
completely.
b. Establish and Improve Managing Setup
Benxi municipality established Benxi Agenda 21 Leading Team (BALT)
in1994, under which setting up an office and Benxi Agenda 21
Administrative Centre (BAAC). The mayor took command of the
leading team in person, 14 sections of municipality joined in
managing and regulating CP. Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB)
of Bnexi and Benxi Agenda 21 Administrative Centre took charge of
implementing concretely.
| Setups Chart of CP Managing |
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c. Formulate System of Policy and Regulations Beneficial
to CP
The system of policy and regulations implementing CP is in the
light of the environmental law of our state and interrelated
economic law and regulations, in the aim of sustainable strategy,
on the basis of principle coordinating developing economy and
environment and replying mainly on prevention and synthetically
preventive treatment, planning compositely developing tendency of
CP combining regional practice, working out policy and regulations
of beneficial to CP, so that it forms unified entirety of
contacting each other, regulating uniformity with a variety of
present environmental and economic policy and regulations. This is
composed of three parts:
Synthetic policy and regulations---Rules implementing CP in
region
- Managing way of rules of target and duty
- Estimation of environmental influence and rules of 3
completed projects in the same time
Environmental rules---Managing way of examination and approval
and environmental report of an enterprise
- Additional regulation charging for pollution discharging
- Regulation auditing CP
- Environmental standard
- Managing way fund of CP
- Managing way of a license discharging pollution
- Rules of environmental sign
Economic rules---Charging compensation of ecotope
- Preferential polity of financial tax and loan
- System of reward by CP
d. Establish New Strategic Idea Adjusting Industrial
Construction
- Intensive development instead of extensive one in
traditional industry
- Make economic benefit as center to adjust industrial
construction making the construction reasonable
- Import talent, material resources, financial resources to
develop new-high technological industry
- Replace the older generations of material and products
making them harmless or low
- Develop green industry that produce green products
e. Improve Scientific Bearing Ability for CP
Science and technology are significant foundation of human
living. CP is a great behavior to utilize advanced technology and
scientific management to change background condition for
enterprises. CP cannot be carried out without advanced science and
technology as depending. So science and technology are pushing
power, and meanwhile one of significant targets of authorities’
capability building.
Each link of the eight ones implementing CP needs supporting
with science and technology. The process implementing CP important
and great scientific and technological problems can be born and a
batch of projects can be put forward. For this reason it needs to
develop and research a bitch of fruits of new-high technology and
import and spread domestic and foreign advanced technology and
equipments. All above need concerned sections of authorities to
join, organize and regulate cooperation and connecton between
enterprises and technologic sections, and improve managing ability
of these sections implementing CP in practice.
f. Build a Supporting System Managing Information of CP
It needs to build a supporting system inquiring information
accurately, timely and continuously for authorities implementing
CP and handle information, data and material of CP to an organic
entirety (a material store) by a computer to service for
decision-making and management. This system can memorize large
foundation material, talk to a worker friendly, output sensitively
and directly, supply decision-making foundation of macro economy
for senior managers, and provide detail technologic material for
special workers.
The system can support several parts supporting service as
follows,
- Various of stores of data and material
- Estimate reliability of a various of data
- Provide the data and material of CP decision-making for
leaders
- Establish a report system of material and date of polluting
source
- Build a procedure analyzing tendency to track condition
discharging pollution and progressing of environmental
investment of enterprises implementing CP
- The procedure servicing annual report forms
- Display and print forms, pictures and figures above
D. Cruces of Capability Building for Authorities
Implementing CP Is Improving Operating Mechanism
Behavior of employees’ own free will is main condition
implementing CP. The importance of capability building of
authorities is to establish and improve an effective operating
mechanism stimulating the enthusiasm of every employee and
enterprise to join in CP from own initiatives, and to carry out CP
through planning target, synthetically managing, society joining,
market operating and regulating benefit, and so on. The most
importance is to establish and improve a systematic operating
mechanism.
a. A Mechanism Planning Targets
The targets of CP established by the authorities at a level
should be the synthetically system of targets, and reflect
concretely economy, environment and society, including an
increasing target of economic benefit (GDP, all labor productivity
and tax rate of $100 etc.), the target utilizing natural source
(the index saving material and substitution, and the index saving
energy and substitution), the target of environmental benefit (the
index reaching standard controlling pollution of water, air, noise
and solid waste, the index realizing environmental benefit), the
target of social benefit (the index of the rate of employment,
unemployment, pension, medical health, and social insurance,
etc.).
b. Synthetically Managing Mechanism
Implementing CP needs to bring into play of synthetically
management with measures of economy, administration and law, etc.,
and the core of it is to make CP reflect norm actions of
authorities at all levels and connected sections. It needs to
shape an action and value to promote developing economy, using
source reasonably and running environmental pollution, and a
managing mechanism connecting stimulating and binding.
The economic measure: It is mainly to reduce cost and increase
benefit, and lead a litigant to adopt CP positively by saving
material to realize the aim saving energy, reducing consume,
decreasing pollution and increasing benefit, and establish rules
of reward and punishment to push forward developing CP continually
relying on economic measure and leading all employees to join.
The measure of law: To realize developing CP long and steadily
in order must build a strong law guarantee. It includes economy,
environment, source, society and etc.. These laws enforce through
joining of the sections of establishing the law, enforcing the
law, judicature, supervise to guard lawful benefits of a legal
person and all employees, punish criminals and ensure implementing
CP successfully by settling illegality and dispute.
The administrative measure: The administrative mainstay of CP
is authorities and concerned sections. CP must be placed into
daily management of governments at all levels, establish effective
synthetically managing rules, enhance decision-making level and
ability mobilizing and enforcing, build a system enforcing,
managing, supervising, estimating and accepting CP, to make the
process enforcing the strategy of CP as an organic entirety
operating much efficiently
c. The Mechanism of Society Joining
CP is a kind of complicated systematic engineering. The
mainstay is enterprises’ actively participation and authorities
and relative sections’ participation and cooperation is the
guarantee enforcing CP. By participation we mean accepting and
propagating idea of CP, establishing new sense and new idea of CP
to normalize own action as the requirement of CP. The government
makes a target, progress, plan and particular action measure
enforcing CP in the own region. The concerned sections of
authorities should ensure by law to implement CP smoothly.
Enterprises are mainstay in enforcing CP. A leader leads all
employees of his company to enforce CP according to plan,
organization in the light of requirement of local government. The
participating degree of the three will decide the progress
realizing the target of CP.
d. The Mechanism of a Market Operating
Any new emerging things undergo a process from shallow to deep,
from unknown to known, from unconsciousness to consciousness. CP
is this so it does like this.
At the beginning since understanding is shallow, technique and
skill operating are inexperienced carrying CP should depend on
action of authorities. Along with forming the mechanism enforcing
CP and step by step to consciousness the enterprises may try
benefit from it. The great benefit bearing from CP can cause
enterprises implementing CP from doing under the demand of
authorities to doing it by themselves. Enterprises can bear saving
energy, reducing consume, decreasing pollution, increasing
benefit, fruits, talent and benefit from CP.
The relative sections of authorities have forged strong special
technical ranks managing and joining in CP, forming a special
institution and managers (e.g. Benxi has established the Centre of
CP, fostered experienced ranks of auditors). It has made the CP
activities of technology consulting, training, auditing and
servicing go into a technical market shaping a mechanism and
operating well.
Summarizing the above, CP is a great transformation of a
pattern of traditional production, has thoroughly changed the
economy of material going to only one direction, source-->product-->discharging
pollution, initiates an model economic developing building
on a basis of a kind of material continually cycling and reusing.
It has basically resolved the conflict between environment and
development from a long time past, and is uniformity with the
principle cycling economy proposed recently in the international
society. CP needs the measures of economy, administration and law
to carry out in enterprises and only local governments have this
kind of functions. |
