Papers Delivered at International Conference on Cleaner Production
Beijing, China -- September 2001 -- Paper 11 of 30

The study of indicator framework of Cleaner Production 
in the tertiary industry

Guowei Zhu ^1,2
(1.Nanjing Normal University Environmental Science Institute Nanjing, 210097)
(2.Nanjing Agriculture University Land Management College Nanjing, 210095)

Abstract: This paper gives the contents of the Cleaner Production of the pilot units (scene, hotel, campus) by combining the developing status in the tertiary industry, and through deep theory probing, concludes the indicator framework in this field and shows the reference for the sustainable development in the tertiary industry in China.

Keywords: The tertiary industry, Cleaner Production, Indicator framework

Cleaner Production was defined by UNEP in 1992 as following: the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to process products, and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Till 1994 the service industry was emphasized. As CP was called low-waste or non-waste technology, the least waste and the decreasing waste, the fields contained in CP have been promoted in Agriculture and Industry, nevertheless, they are to be concluded in the tertiary industry such as the service in the scene, hotel, and education etc. In these industries, CP can satisfy and meet the economic development, environmental protection, safe production, increasing efficiency, raising the production efficiency, and safe need for the consumers, it can also help the competitive ability in the international market of our production. So we can conclude that CP is the focusing on the SD, and CP is the only way to change the status which are faced all kinds of the environment problems by all the industries in China.

1. What is CP in the tertiary industry?

The tertiary industry plays the main roles in the nation economic, and rate in the GDP becomes more and more because of the development of market economic and the justification of economic structure in China. For example, the tertiary industry has taken up nearly 35.33% of GDP in Jiangsu Province in 1999. The sharp development of the tertiary industry has brought the big problems and large burden to the environment. But the tertiary industry is a wide concept, it contains all the fields as followings: the service in agriculture, forest, animals, fishing, also the fields as exploring, water management, transportation, conservation, tele-communication, food trade, finance insurance, estate, social service, health and social welfare, education, literary and art, broadcast and TV, R&D and technology service, and the institutions of the government. In Jiangsu province the ratio of the three industries was justified to be 13:50.9:36.1 in 1999, compared with that of in 1995, the second and the third industry increased quickly to 3.4%, while the tertiary industry increased 5.2%. The fields are focusing on tourism, estate, information service and community service .

l Guowei Zhu, male, born in 1970, Ph.D., the researching fields are containing environmental science, resource economics and sustainable development. gwzhu@pine.njnu.edu.cn 

2. The contents of CP in the tertiary industry

There are three main roles in the tertiary industry: service of subject, object, and channel. So the contents need conclude all the aspects. Considering the characters of the tourism, hotel, campus services, we give the basic contents as follows:

2.1 scene

1. improve the defect of the resource use (such as water, electricity, gas, gasoline, paper etc)

2. treat environmental pollution, environmental destroy (waste such as sewage from the facility and living, waste gas, the carrying and treatment of garbage ), reinforce the construction and the environmental assessment, control the number of the tourists in scene and never abuse, release the function of the management.

3. encourage the participation of the community and tourists

4. increase the character tourism (the eco-tourism)

5. decide the policy by the government (such as environmental policy, industry policy, economic methods and rules and laws, training and leading)

6. raise the force of CP (such as green symbol, propaganda, training of the officers, media, invisible value of image)

2.2 hotel

1. training of the chief manager, saving energy and decreasing materials

2. all the members of the hotel have the concept of green hotel

3. improve the energy and water use such as electricity, coal, liquid gas, air-condition)

4. food and the package (such as the non-hazard food, biology diversity protection, reducing and recycling and reusing, eliminate the white pollution)

5. treatment of the pollution (such as sewage, waste gas, waste solid, noise, magnetizing, light pollution, garbage)

6. green room creation (the layout of the room, non-smoking area, label of the facility, way of service)

7. influence the consumers (participation actively, cooperation, green consuming)

8. outside environment (such as trees, sanity, civilization service, propaganda material, sustainable consuming)

2.3 campus

1. constitute green case in all the fields of the school such as teaching, researching, industry, teachers and students

2. add the green subjects and education classes

3. encourage the green and clean energy using and saving (solar, gas)

4. decrease the use of raw materials

5. reach the standard of the pollution treatment

6. use the new technology in the CP area

7. green vegetable, non-hazard food, non-FCFs refrigerator and air-condition

8. obey the EIA in the construction projects

9. reinforce the environmental R&D and industry development

10. raise the enthusiasm of the teachers and students in the constructing green campus

11. reward those green civilization

3. the indicator framework of CP in the tertiary industry

3.1 CP indicator in scene

3.1.1 the standard and the range

3.1.2 calculate TI (total index) =k1/I1+k2/I2+k3/I3+k4/I4+k5/I5+k6/I6 (Level=3rd)

3.1.3 Kx resource of ZhouZhuang Town in Jiangsu

3.1.4 Practice data and result

 3.1.5 According to the result of ZhouZhunag scene, the TI=8.86>>6, so the CP in this scene is excellent. Also the pilot standard need be used in wide scenes in Jiangsu and China later.

3.2 CP indicator in hotel

CP in hotel is that the hotel influences the environment at the least degree by using a series of measures of software and hardware and less invest, at the same time ,the hotel saves the energy and decreases the consumption, decreases the cost and coordinates the environmental protection with economic efficiency.

There are 4Rs and one character in CP:

1. Reducing

2. Reusing

3. Recycling

4. Replacing

5. Ecology character

Combined with the contents of CP in the hotel, we allocate the score in every field in the detailed information of the hotel.

The score standard lists: 

In practice, Wuxi Resort gains 85, Nanjing New Century Hotel gets 90. The score lost is focusing on the participation of the consumers.

3.3 CP indicator in campus

CP in campus is a kind of green conception in the teachers and students, by using a series of software and hardware measures, from the site selection, construction to a moderate status, saves the energy and decreases the waste, also trains a lot of excellent students who grasp the environmental science knowledge in order to realize the sustainable development in China.

Combined with the contents of Cp in campus, there are 5 aspects in CP:

1. green eco-environment

2. green culture environment

3. green education environment

4. green relationship environment

5. green management environment

The assessment standard is that 20 scores in every aspect, which is valued by the experts in this field. So if the total score is over 80,then the campus is a CP and green campus. If the score is 60-70, the campus is still in the consideration, if the score is less than 60, then the campus need to be improved by all measures in all the aspects.

In practice, XianLin Campus of Nanjing Normal University gains the score at 85. The bad measures are those which are not using the clean energy and the participation of the students.

4. Conclusion

The tertiary industry is a wide field whose contents are complicated and difficult. If we focus on the narrow definition of the service, Cleaner production in the service should be emphasized in the three roles which are service subject, object and channel. So all the indicator frameworks in the field need show the contents because the principle aim is to realize the whole process and the environment.

This paper is giving the line to push the CP in the tertiary in China in the future.